Cellulase, aspergillus niger
Cellulase
CAS: 9012-54-8
Molecular Formula:
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Names and Identifiers
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molar Mass | 20～60kD |
| Density | 1.2g/mLat 25°C |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in cold water. |
| Solubility | deionized water: soluble5.0mg/mL (Sterile; In the presence of 0.15% polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB).) |
| Vapor Presure | 0.004Pa at 25℃ |
| Appearance | White to beige to light brown powder |
| Color | white |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
| MDL | MFCD00131809 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Off-white amorphous powder or liquid. Soluble in water, almost insoluble in ethanol, chloroform and ether. It is stable to heat, even if it is kept at 100 ℃ for 10min, the original active 20% can still be maintained. Generally, the optimum temperature is 50~60 ℃, and the optimum Ph value is 4.5~5.5. ADI, a product extracted from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma li, is not specified, and ADI prepared from Penicillium is not specified (FAO/WHO,1994). |
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | 42 - May cause sensitization by inhalation |
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24 - Avoid contact with skin. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S2 - Keep out of the reach of children. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S23 - Do not breathe vapour. |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | FJ5375000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 35079090 |
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white to black-yellow amorphous powder. Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, chloroform and ether. Calcium, sodium, magnesium plasma had no obvious effect on its activity, iron, copper, zinc plasma and polyphenols had inhibitory effect on its activity. The optimum pH value was 3.O ~ 3.5, and the optimum temperature was 50.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
Aspergillus niger was used as a producer. It is cultured in solid medium containing soybean meal, apple pomace, sucrose and so on, extracted, deep, separated, dried and pulverized. Commercial preparations still need to add diatomite, glucose and other fillers and stability, preservatives, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:09:03
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Use
Open Data Verified Data
pectinase can catalyze the hydrolysis of methyl esters in pectin to decompose polygalacturonic acid into smaller molecular polymers. Mainly used for fruit and vegetable juice drink and fruit wine juice and clarification. China's provisions can be used for sugar water canned orange (to the capsule), fruit wine, fruit juice, according to the production needs of appropriate use.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:09:04
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Trait
Yellow-brown or off-white powder.
Last Update：2023-08-16 21:32:38
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Vitality definition
1 gram of enzyme powder or 1ml of enzyme solution at 50 ℃,PH3.5, the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pectin to produce 1ug of galacturonic acid per hour is 1 unit of enzyme activity
Last Update：2023-08-16 21:32:38
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Source
Aspergillus niger is refined by liquid submerged fermentation, which belongs to the enzyme of high activity to dissolve pectin
Last Update：2023-08-16 21:32:38
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Moisture
＜8.0%
Last Update：2023-08-16 21:32:38
Cellulase, aspergillus niger - Reference Information
| LogP | -1.3 at 20℃ |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| biological enzyme | cellulase is a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose to produce glucose and fibers with low degree of polymerization, it includes three main components: endoglucanase, exoglucanase and cellobiase. It is not a single enzyme, but a multi-component enzyme system that acts synergistically. Cellulase is an off-white powder or liquid. In 1906, Seilliere found cellulase in the digestive juice of snails. Cellulases can hydrolyze β-1, 4-glucosidic bonds in fibers to produce soluble polymers and D-glucose. According to the source of the enzyme, its molecular weight is the lowest of 5000, up to 400000. The optimum pH value was 4.0-5.0. The optimum temperature is 40~60. Some metal ions Mg2, Cl2 and neutral salts can activate the enzyme, and other metal ions Ag2, Cu2, Mn2, Hg2 and dyes can inactivate the enzyme. The addition of cellulase in brewing can improve the saccharification effect and alcohol yield, and reduce the viscosity of mash. Cellulase mainly comes from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma. Figure 1 cellulase |
| Source | the source of cellulase is very extensive, insects, mollusks, protozoa, bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi can produce cellulase. 1. Bacteria: the amount of cellulase produced by bacteria is low, mainly EG, most of the crystalline cellulose is not active, and the resulting enzyme is an intracellular enzyme or adsorbed on the bacterial wall, rarely secreted outside the cell, the difficulty of extraction and purification is increased, and it is rarely used in industry. At present, more research is cellulose myxomycetes, sporogenic fiber myxomycetes and fiber bacillus. 2. Actinomycetes: there are few studies on actinomycetes. Mycobacteria and actinomycetes almost no cellulase production or very low yield, a slightly higher yield of black red circumflex actinomycetes, rose-colored actinomycetes, fiber actinomycetes and White Rose actinomycetes. 3. Fungi: at present, most of the microorganisms used to produce cellulase belong to fungi, and the more studied are Trichoderma, Aspergillus, rhizopus and lacquer spot. They can produce a large amount of cellulase, especially in the yield of Trichoderma. Trichoderma licheniformis and Trichoderma viride are strains with high enzyme activity in Trichoderma. Fungi produce three types of cellulase, can be secreted to the bacteria, generally do not aggregate to form a multi enzyme complex, but a strong synergistic effect with each other. At present, preparations have been made of Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, and Paecilomyces and Penicillium recumbent and other cellulase. 4. Yeast: due to the need of industrial production of cellulase, it is required to improve the yield, exocrine and heat resistance of the enzyme. Recently, there are many researches on cellulase gene cloning. Although almost all cloned genes can be expressed in E. Coli, due to the difficulty of extraction and low expression level, the research on gene expression is now turned to eukaryotic expression system, at present, Yeast expression system is widely used. Yeast does not produce toxin, with the expression of cellulase gene, the product is highly glycosylated, after the correct processing modification can be directly secreted into the medium, the expression level is high. For example, the yield of CHB II and EG I expressed by yeast can reach more than 100mg/L, and has normal biological activity. |
| type | cellulase includes a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, is a class of complex enzymes, generally divided into three categories: 1. endoglucanase, also known as endo-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucanase, endo-cellulase or (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan-1, 4-glucan hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4), which catalyzes any site within the cellulose amorphous region or within the (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan chain on the surface of microfibrils. 2. Exoglucanase, also known as Exo (1 → 4)-β-D-glucanase, Exo-cellulase or (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91), cellobiose (and sometimes a small amount of glucose) can be released by enzymatic hydrolysis from the non-reducing end of the β-D-glucan chain. 3. Β-glucosidase, also known as cellobiase or β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.21), can hydrolyze cellobiose and water-soluble cellodextrin to glucose. many cellulolytic bacteria produce many isozymes. The organisms capable of degrading cellulose are mainly a large number of fungi, some bacteria and a few protozoa, but the degradation activity depends on the polymerization and crystallinity of cellulose and the degree of binding with hemicellulose and lignin. Crystalline cellulose is highly resistant to the degradation of cellulase, and most of the glucan chains in microfibrils are not accessible by cellulase, and any hydrogen bonds after being cleaved by endoglucanase are easily re-formed due to the stabilization tendency of the glucan chain. The degradation of crystalline cellulose is effected by the synergistic action of both endoglucanase and exoglucanase. Exoglucanases are susceptible to removal of cellobiose from newly created ends formed by the action of endoglucanases, thus preventing the re-formation of glycosidic bonds. These two enzymes act in a coherent and coordinated manner with each other, but they are both inhibited by cellobiose, and the action of β-glucanase is usually the rate-limiting step in the degradation of cellulose. Cellulases are a class of inducible enzymes that are repressed by catabolic products. Sophorose is an excellent natural inducer of cellulase. Repressors include glucose and other readily available substrates. Depending on the concentration, cellobiose can be used as both inducer and repressor. |
| Application | cellulase has been widely used in textile, daily chemical industry, paper making, food fermentation, Industrial Washing, tobacco, oil exploitation, wastewater treatment and feed and other fields, its application prospect is very broad. Natural cellulases are present in microorganisms, certain insects, and plants. When the seeds germinate, the cellulose of the seed coat is hydrolyzed by cellulase, which is beneficial to the emergence of seedlings. Commensal bacteria and protozoa in the digestive tract of herbivores secrete cellulases that hydrolyze cellulose to sugar that can be absorbed. The use of microbial secretion of cellulase for agricultural products processing, can produce high quality feed and glucose. The application of Trichoderma viride (a fungus rich in cellulase) in feed fermentation can improve the nutritional value of cellulose feed. Cellulase products are one of the main reagents for the isolation of plant protoplasts. In the experiment of plant cell fusion, cellulase or snail enzyme is commonly used to remove the cell wall to obtain the desired protoplasts. Most industrial cellulases are endoglycosidases and contain a catalytic zone and a cellulose junction zone. Without the cellulose-linked region, the activity of the enzyme for cellulose is low. A comparative study of cellulase and protease was carried out, and it was found that the activity of cellulase was more related to the strength of adsorption. The amino acid residue Tyr at position 169 of the cellobiohydrolase catalytic region of Trichoderma reesei assists in the conversion of the glucose ring to a more reactive configuration. |
| Application of cellulase in detergent industry | fiber fabrics, especially cotton fiber fabrics, after being worn and washed many times, often there will be a lot of micro fiber villi. These villi, together with the organic and inorganic stains stained on the clothes, are wound into many small balls, and as a result, the surface of the clothes becomes gray and hardened. In order to solve this problem, the idea of using fiber enzyme to eliminate these micro fibers was put forward as early as in the 1970 foreign patent, but this idea has not been realized for a long time. Until 1985, the world's first detergent Cellulase was produced by the method of Rhizopus humic fermentation, and its commercial name was Cellulase. In 1987, a bacterial cellulase was introduced and successfully used in Attack detergent. From then on, cellulase has also formally joined the ranks of detergent enzymes. At present, the application of cellulase in detergent is not too popular, but some famous brand products of large companies have been used, such as the United States P & G company in some washing powder, contains this cellulase. The mechanism of action of cellulase and other detergent enzymes is different. It does not directly catalyze the decomposition of a substance in the stain, so that it becomes a soluble substance in the washing water to achieve the purpose of washing, but by the cellulase on the fabric on the micro-fiber effect, to achieve the purpose of finishing, renovation of the fabric. This is because natural fibers, especially cotton fibers, are high-molecular substances composed of glucose. The sugar in the molecule is only linked in the form of β-1, 4-glucose, forming a linear macromolecule. This kind of molecular assembly into bundles, called fibrils, The aggregation of many fibrils becomes microfibrils. Under normal circumstances, the fibers are arranged in the form of crystals, so that its surface is smooth, soft and bright in appearance. However, after wearing, rubbing and repeated washing, some of the micro fibers will be separated from its crystalline area, and many micro fibers will be formed on the surface of the fiber or between the fibers. After these micro fibers are wound into a cashmere ball, not only the clothes become dirty due to the wrapped dirt, but also the light is scattered on the ball, and the clothes are gray and dark regardless of the color or color. If you want to remove these cashmere balls from the clothing, then you need to select the appropriate cellulase, can be a good job to accomplish this task. That is, it is necessary to select an enzyme that meets the following conditions before it can be used in detergents. |
| cellulose and cellulase | cellulose is a kind of high molecular compound, it is the most abundant polysaccharide natural organic polymer on the earth. Cotton is the natural product with the highest cellulose content in nature. In addition, Wood and crop straw are also rich in cellulose, many commercial celluloses are made from natural cellulose. cellulose is a linear glucose polymer linked by β-1,4 bonds. Cellulose bundles are usually linked by hydrogen bonds to form a larger monomer. There are many different views on the number of cellulose molecules in such monomers and how they are organized. There is a view that some regions in a cellulose molecule are ordered structures that are solid and inflexible (crystalline cellulose), in other areas, there is a flexible string-like "winding" structure (amorphous cellulose), and when the cellulose fibers absorb water, they swell, the swelling effect is limited to the amorphous regions of the fibers, and the solid hydrogen-bonding mesh of the crystalline regions does not allow them to swell. The number of bonds that the enzyme can function depends on the degree of swelling of the cellulose. In order for the cellulase to effectively hydrolyze the cellulose, it is usually necessary to carry out a pretreatment to improve the swellability of the fiber. cellulase is a complex enzyme, which is generally considered to include at least three components, namely C1 enzyme, CX enzyme and glucosidase. The first two enzymes decompose cellulose into cellobiose, the third enzyme breaks down cellobiose into glucose, and it is under the synergistic effect of these three enzymes, Cellulose is eventually hydrolyzed to glucose, which provides nutrients for the growth of microorganisms and can also be used by humans. Reference: he shuanggui, et al., editor-in-chief. High school mathematics, physics, chemistry, formula diagram. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press. 2009. |
| toxicity | extracted from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma licheniformis, ADI is not specified. By Penicillium. funicolosum), ADI is not specified (FAO/WHO,2001). |
| Use limit | GB 2760-2002: For Food fermentation process, 5~6 g/kg dry matter (refers to from Trichoderma viride). |
| Use | cellulase is a digestive enzyme. For the treatment of indigestion, loss of appetite. 1. Enzyme preparation. 2, mainly used for cereals, beans and other plant foods softening, peeling; 3, used to reduce the viscosity of coffee extract, the maximum allowable amount of 100mg/kg;4, for the pretreatment of raw materials for brewing; 5, for defatted soybean powder and isolated soybean protein in the manufacture of extraction; 6, for starch, Agar and seaweed food manufacturing; 7, the elimination of fruit juice, wine, turbidity caused by fibers in beer and the like; Rapid dissolution of green tea, black tea and the like; And the like. used in biochemical research, plant cell hybridization research, to catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose molecules for oligomeric cellulose and enzymes, commonly used in medicine as digestive enzymes. cellulase is mainly used for softening and peeling of cereals, beans and other plant foods; Control (reduce) the viscosity of coffee extract, the maximum allowable amount is 100mg/kg; Pretreatment of brewing raw materials; Starch, manufacture of Agar and seaweed foods; Elimination of turbidity caused by cellulose in fruit juice; Rapid dissolution of green tea, black tea, etc. As a feed additive, it is helpful for the digestion and absorption of feed by animals. It can hydrolyze β-1, 4-glucan in cellulose polysaccharide to β-dextrin |
| production method | Aspergillus niger or Trichoderma sp. Culture was carried out, and then the fermentation broth was precipitated and refined by salting out. The commercial product thus obtained contains, in addition to cellulase, hemicellulases, pectinases, proteases, lipases, xylanases, cellobiases and amyloglucosidases. The product was refined by ammonium sulfate precipitation after fermentation with green wood enzyme strain as raw material. generally, Aspergillus niger or Trichoderma sp. Are used for cultivation, and then the fermentation broth is precipitated and refined by salting out. The commercial product thus obtained contains, in addition to cellulase, hemicellulases, pectinases, proteases, lipases, xylanases, cellobiases and amyloglucosidases. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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View History
Cellulase, aspergillus niger
3-nitro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
4-甲基苯甲酰氯
5-bromo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile
Clomifene
1-(3-氨丙基)咪唑
Tris(2,4,6-triMethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane
104228-13-9
894803-67-9
(S)-(-)-1-(4-溴苯)乙胺
3-nitro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
4-甲基苯甲酰氯
5-bromo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile
Clomifene
1-(3-氨丙基)咪唑
Tris(2,4,6-triMethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane
104228-13-9
894803-67-9
(S)-(-)-1-(4-溴苯)乙胺